Cheating in Sports Essays

Cheating in Sports Essays Cheating in Sports Essay Cheating in Sports Essay Week 3 The topic that I am researching is â€Å"Cheating in Sports†, from illegal drugs use, gambling, to federal indictments, NASCAR, all types and its impact economically and socially on society. Because millions and millions of dollars are won and lost in the world of sports, as well as the social impact it has with the public/society. So the questions that come to mind are, why do we care and identify with our teams so much? What is the appeal, what do we find so admirable about winning in a sporting game? Where do we draw the line when it comes to cheating in sports? Why as a society do we place such a high emphasis on winning in sports! Narrative Hook #1 – Is society’s obsession with winning jeopardizing the integrity of sports? This hook draws readers in and creates interest because it immediately captures their attention by asking the reader to consider societies role in possibly jeopardizing sports integrity. Readers can relate because every society in the world has some type of sports team, either, locally, or nationally they relate to, from the young to the old. Also, the majority of most people are not, were not athletes or involved in sports as a profession or employment or even at the amateur and recreational level. Most people (society) are fans of a particular sport and follow it, whether closely or as a casual interest. Narrative Hook#2 – Who is to blame, the athlete, the sport, the public for the wide spread cheating in sports? This hook draws and captures readers’ interest because it now specifically looks at several possibilities to consider and that most people will fit into. Depending on their own personal position, as an athlete, or former, involved in a sport as an employee, recreationally, or just a fan, they can relate on a personal level as it pertains to cheating in sports. I ask though, who is to blame, the athlete? How do you tell a young kid who’s family has been living in poverty, and has the chance to earn millions and change their lives by taking a little blue, white, pill that will give him a competitive advantage and possibly make that dream come true! When millions upon millions are at stake, a Super Bowl, a World Series and your team has the tapes of the opposing teams plays, or the signals of the pitcher, and it can mean the difference of being crowned the victor or not, what stops you, the coach, owner, to not cross that line, or should we say who stops you? That World Series winning home run, or that kick-off returning touchdown to win the Super Bowl, or that last round knockout by the underdog to win the match for the championship, what if you found out they all were the result of cheating? Would it make a difference, or would it not? Week 4 Significance of the purpose statement is multifaceted. It is to provide the goal or intended outcome of a study (in this scenario). Sets the objective, based on the need or problem and then particular or specific questions are developed (research questions) focusing on a single concept (phenomenon) or idea. The overall intent of this grounded theory study is to understand the ethical and economic impact that cheating in sports has on athletes and society. This will focus on exploring the experience of the fans (society), individual athletes and sports organizations. Conducted with individual interviews via phone or in person, at sporting events, sports organization, both professional, collegiate, high school, and recreational in the Charlotte and surrounding region, as well as various internet sites. At this stage in the research, the impact that cheating has in sports will generally be defines as the economic gain and the short term ethical effects on society and athlete. Fellow classmates, as I worked on developing my purpose statement, my challenge was what and how to narrow down to a single phenomenon. There is much to consider! I am trying to connect the dots of a few things. How cheating by some athlete effects the ethics of others to cheat, when they can see the competitive gain and possible financial as well! Then there are the fans, society, and how it impacts them, and their perspective of the individual athletes, their specific team and finally the sports organizations! As I stated last week, to the fans, does it make a difference, if their favorite athlete was caught, or their team? Is the problem with the athlete, or is it with us? In the reading it does state, that in a qualitative study, â€Å"advance a single phenomenon, recognizing that the study may develop into an exploration of relationships or comparisons among ideas†. So, I ask your help, should I just state, that my single phenomenon is maybe just the ethical aspects of cheating, or just the economical and additionally, should I focus on just one specific group, the athlete, society, sports organizations or leave as is with the thought that as stated above it will develop into other relationships or comparisons that can be expounded on in the research?

The History Behind Who Invented HTML

The History Behind Who Invented HTML Some of the people who drive the transformation of the internet are well-known: think Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. But those who developed its inner workings are often totally unknown, anonymous, and unsung in an age of hyper-information that they themselves helped to create. Definition of HTML HTML is the authoring language used to create documents on the web. It  is used to define the structure and layout of a  web page, how a page looks, and any special functions. HTML does this by using what are called tags that have attributes. For example, p means a paragraph break. As the viewer of a web page, you dont see HTML; it is hidden from your view. You see only the results. Vannevar Bush Vannevar Bush was an engineer born at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s he was working on analog computers and in 1945 wrote the article As We May Think, published in the Atlantic Monthly. In it, he describes a machine he called memex, which would store and retrieve information via microfilm. It would consist of screens (monitors), a keyboard, buttons, and levers. The system he discussed in this article is very similar to HTML, and he called the links between various pieces of information associative trails. This article and theory laid the foundation for Tim Berners-Lee and others to invent the World Wide Web, HTML (hypertext markup language), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and URLs (Universal Resource Locators) in 1990. Bush died in 1974 before the web existed or the internet became widely known, but his discoveries were seminal. Tim Berners-Lee and HTML Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist and academic, was the primary author of HTML, with the assistance of his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific organization based in Geneva. Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN. He was named one of Time magazines 100 most important people of the 20th century for this accomplishment. Berners-Lees browser editor was developed in 1991-92. This was a true browser editor for the first version of HTML and ran on a NeXt workstation. Implemented in Objective-C, it, made it easy to create, view, and edit web documents. The first version of HTML was formally published in June 1993.

Writing Assignmet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Writing Assignmet - Essay Example CQR critics, like Beeson, point out that Section 15 of the US Patriot Act violates the 1st and 4th Amendments of the constitution by curbing the rights of interfering in a citizen’s personal data without his or her knowledge. The right in this provision helps the law to identify suspects and terrorists as soon a possible. It is a god idea because it helps in obviating terrorist acts and by taking preventive measures. According to the CQR, such powers encompass the civil liberties related to the infringement of political and free speech rights. The Bush and Obama administrators were criticized for abusing civil liberties in the wake of their war on terrorism. The major civil liberties purported to be abused were the liberties related to free speech. The FBI and the CIA conducted an enquiry into the civil rights. The international group has strongly criticized the interference in a person’s fundamental rights and has stated that the individual rights always take a backseat and suffer due to these actions. 7. How does the Brandon Mayfield case support or reject this claim? You will need to look up Brandon Mayfield as he is not mentioned in this chapter. I recommend that you type his name into the Google search engine. Please avoid Wikipedia throughout the course. The Brandon Mayfield case supports the claim because Brendon was arrested not after investigation, but based on the assumption that he played a fundamental role in the bombings. Brandon Mayfield case was simply linked to a bombing case without any evidence and his credibility was hampered due to the arrest. The US law did nothing to counter the harm done to Brandon’s personality. 8. Compare the case of another detainee, Mahr Arar, (mentioned in CQR but not in the chapter associated with this assignment) with that of Brandon Mayfield: How are their cases similar and how are they different? I recommend

Sales and Marketing on Airline Industry Assignment

Sales and Marketing on Airline Industry - Assignment Example rformance is highly dependent on the economies of foreign countries and their related macroeconomic factors, which may trigger a sudden rise and fall of demand. Opportunities Acquisition of new aircrafts in the fleet will lead to an increase in the operational capabilities of the airline and in terms of the number of routes covered. Acquisition of new aircrafts will also lead to an increase in the frequency of operations of the flight on the multiple routes, that are currently serviced by the airline It is assumed that with the increase in frequency of flights, passengers will be able to opt for variable timings due to the increase in number of flights for a particular route. Threats Qatar Airways has been impacted due to the uprising of the Arab Spring and hike in fuel prices. Continued civil disruptions in the Middle East countries coupled with the hike in fuel prices will collaborate to form a dynamic macroeconomic threat factor for the airline and can hamper the airline’s performance and operational efficiencies in its multiple routes in the short as well as in the long term. The global economic slowdown has impacted Qatar airways and it has decided to postpone the IPO offer for the reputed airlines (Arab News, 2012). This will, to some extent hamper the sentiments in the global market and may hamper the reputation of the company for a short term period. The slowdown in the economies of the developed countries of the western world may hamper the profit performance and revenue generation for the state based airline in the years to come. Competition can also rise in the international arena where prominent players like Lufthansa Airlines, British Airways, Emirates and Southwest Airlines are existent strongly in their regional areas PESTLE Analysis Political The...The global economy is going through a phase of slowdown since the middle of 2011, thanks to the fears arising out of the Euro Zone crisis. As an impact of this slowdown, there has been a signif icant decline in the amount of profits generated for the current year. Also, there has been a significant amount of slowdown in the amount of air freight movements that has happened over the period of last one year. Also, the civil disturbances happening in connection with the Arab Spring Uprising in the Middle East region is impacting the business of the airways in a negative manner. Social The business of Qatar airways may continue to face a grave danger in the coming days if the continued civil unrest due to the emergence of Arab Spring uprising is not mitigated. Though most of the flights are outward and covers routes for six continents across the globe, but still the social image of the country and the Middle East region is embedded with it. Also, as an upshot of the civil uprising, more severe macroeconomic factors like the hike of oil prices is affecting the business of airline industry. Though Qatar airways has a governmental backing and has a stronghold in the market, but still it is going be affected in the long run. Also, due to the continued civil unrest in the Middle East region, morale of the employees working as on board staff of the airways can be severely hit as their families may come in the path of danger and harm caused by the civil uprising.

Detection of Vanadium Using Immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)

Detection of Vanadium Using Immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo) Naked eye detection of vanadium using immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol on functionalized HMS Mohamad taghi Samadi1, Abas Afkhami2, Kadijeh Shamsi 1, *and Abdolmotaleb Said mohamadi1 abstract In this work, inexpensive optical sensor for the naked eye detection of vanadium by immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol on the functionalized hexagonal mesoporous silica via N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride in aqueous mediae has been used. The effects of several factors such as pH, reaction time, amount of the material, and the presence of various concentration HMS-TMAC-PAR has been studied so as to optimize operating conditions. The detection was result the color change of PAR complexation with vanadium as of orange-yellow to purple in alkaline solutions. Furthermore, the good performance of the hexagonal sensors was dependent on main factors such as, the reaction time, and the pH value that showed possible naked-eye detection of vanadium concentration of special interest was that our mesostructured sensor design supply control over the retention of the potential functionality of the naked-eye sensing system of vanadium ions upon the storage and even lat er several regeneration and reuse cycles, indicating wide-scale reversibility of sensing methods. The detection and quantification limits for the method when determining vanadium were 40 ppb–400 ppb, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. Good chemical stability of the substantial was seeing for a period of several months. Introduction Vanadium is ordinarily distributed in the earth’s crust but in little profusion. Vanadium at trace amounts represents a vital element for normal cell growth, but can be toxic when present at much concentration(1). the combustion of fossil fuel are described as one of the important sources of environmental pollution by vanadium since coal and oil are in among the richest sources of the metal . Usual deposits of vanadium in coal and basic oil vary amid 1 and 1.5Ãâ€"103 mg/kg and it has been estimated that different 65Ãâ€"103tons are released into the environment every year by natural discharges such as volcanoes and 2Ãâ€"105 tons by anthropological resource(2). The concentration of vanadium in water is largely dependent on geographical position and ranges from 0.0002 to more than 0.1 mg/litre in freshwater(3). the selective and sensitive detection of low concentrations of vanadium is very important (4). Though several methods are available for detection (AAS/AES[1] ØŒI CPMS[2] , ICPEAS[3] (1, 5) but these methods are expensive, need sophisticated apparatuss and require extreme control of experimental procedures or unavailable for the on-site detection. The field of optical chemical sensors has been a growing research area over the last three decades. Chemical sensors are miniaturized devices that can supply real time and on-line information on the presence of specific compounds in even complex samples(6) In the last years,have seen the appearance of mesoporous silicate-based sensing uses. Sensor system Mesoporous silicas, with large BET surface area, narrowly distributed pore size, high porosity(7), have shown unlimited potential for sensing applications in new years. Morphological control gifts them versatility in the mode of arrangement whether as monoliths, mass powders, thin films, or implanted in coatings. Great surface areas and pore sizes greater has made them effective as adsorbent. This elude the leaching that can occur from physical enca psulation and mesopores can allow accessibility of analytes to many of active locates systems, UV-visible spectrophotometry has been often used for quantitative determination of analytes(8). According to the recently research, The hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) is a material with high specific surface area and large pore diameter. HMS mesoporous silica has been first presented by Pinnavaia and co-workers(9) . present 0f high surface area and uniform pore size that make HMS suitable for catalyst supports(10) Moreover, Modifying the silica wall surface with organic groups to make their characteristic and achieve specific goal(11). A inexpensive visual sensor for the optical detection of very low concentrations of many heavy metal based on functionalization with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR)(12). Its color changes from yellow to red while complexed with metal ions such as Cu2+. Various applications for PAR and its similarities have been put into practice. Therefore a different heavy metal ions responsive optical sensor (HMS-TMAC-PAR) has been prepared by grafted surface functionalization of the original HMS with (TMAC[4]) and then via immobilization of PAR probe. HMS-TMAC-PAR has some important advantages as a solid-state colorimetric sensor(13) .In the present paper, a simple, selective and sensitive method is proposed for the vanadium determination at very low concentrations. 2. Experimental 2.1.Reagents and materials Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) 98% (M = 208.33, d = 0.934 g/mL) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Germany). dodecylamine (DDA) 98% (M = 185.36) was purchased from Merck, Germany. TMAC (50% methanol solution) was purchased from ABCR, Germany. PAR was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Germany) .Ethanol and toluene was purchased from Merck .All materials were of analytical reagent (AR) grade and used without further purification. 2.2. Apparatus and instruments The XRD experiments were performed by a APD2000 diffractometer using Cu K_ radiation over the range of 1.54Aà ¢- ¦.FTIR spectra of the samples were recorded in mid IR (400-4000 cm−1) region on a PERKIN EL MER65 spectrometer, using KBr pellet technique. UV–vis spectra were measured on a HACH DR -5000 spectrophotometer. In order to measure the pH value a HACH SENSION1 digital pH meter was used . 2.3.Synthesis of hexagonal mesoporous silica Synthesis of hexagonal mesoporous silica was achieved by dissolve DDA (200 mg) in a mixed solvent of water (0.28 L) and ethanol (0.19 L), after that the addition of TEOS (0.0112 L). The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 9–11 with HCl. The finishing gel was stirred continually at room temperature for 18 h, and The product was filtered, washed by abundant distilled water, air-dried in an oven at 100à ¢- ¦C.and then was accomplished by calcinations at 640à ¢- ¦C for 4 h in air to remove the organic template. 2.4. Fabrication of HMS-TMAC-PAR Anhydrous toluene containing TMAC and HMS was refluxed for 18 h under an N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was washed thoroughly with ethanol and water to remove unreacted TMAC and then material was dried in an oven at 65 à ¢- ¦C for 12 h to obtain HMS-TMAC. The immobilization of PAR on HMS-TMAC was performed by the addition of 0.6 g HMS-TMAC solid to PAR solution (93 Ãâ€" 10−6 M, 180 mL) in stirring for 3 h. it was washed with water to remove unreacted PAR. The material was dried in a vacuum oven at 65  °C overnight and then ground to fine powder. The synthetic routes of HMS-TMAC-PAR were illustrated in Scheme 1. Scheme 1. HMS-TMAC-PAR 2.5.Detection procedure Batch and column processes were employed to study the detection of vanadium from aqueous solutions with HMS-TMAC- PAR. Concentration of stock solutions of vanadium (V) (1000.00  µg ml-1.) Prepared by dissolving 2.2965g ammonium metavanadate (99.99% Merck) in 1000ml of 5% hydrochloric acid solution. The suspension solutions of HMS-TMACPAR (0.5 g L−1) were prepared in aqueous solution at different pH values, which were adjusted with 0.2 M NaOH or 0.2 M HCl. Every time a 2 mL suspension solution of HMS-TMAC-PAR was filled in a 1 cm quartz cell and various stock solutions of cations were added into the quartz cell gradually by using a micro-syringe. Standard and blank solutions were prepared, in all the experiments in the same way as those samples. The linear working range for measurements was (y = 0.005x + 0.015, R2 = 0.990). The vanadium was estimated qualitatively using naked-eye colorimetric assessment and it was detected quantitatively using UV–vis reflectance spectrometry at 510 nm. 3.Results and discussion 3.1.Characteristics of HMS-TMAC-PAR The XRD patterns of samples are displayed in Fig. 1. The XRD measurements were employed in order to study the mesoporous structure of the supports. the patterns have a single low-angle diffraction peak at about 2 ÃŽ ¸ =1.9à ¢- ¦ for HMS and HMS-TMAC- PAR. but, the intensities of the peak of sample HMS-TMAC- PAR decrease, suggestive of that the mesoporous structure of sample HMS-TMAC- PAR. happen to fewer uniform ahead the foreword of the organic molecules interested in HMS(13). Figure 1. XRD patterns of HMS and HMS-TMAC- PAR. FT-IR spectra of HMS-TMAC-PAR is shown in Fig. 2. The HMS-TMAC-PAR sample show the characteristic Si- O- Si bands associated by the shape of a condensed silica network that be present at 1091, 965, 799 and 459 cm−1. The findings revealed that the mesoporous silica (HMS) has been grafted via TMAC organic molecules(13). Fig. 1. FT-IR spectra of (a) HMS, and (b) HMS-TMAC-PAR. 3.2.Calibration graph The effects of various factors such as pH, reaction time, amount of material needed, and the presence of various concentration of vanadium were studied to optimize the conditions for quick visual detection of vanadium. Fig..3represents the absorbance of HMS-TMAC-PAR at 510 nm against vanadium concentrations and shows a linear correlation in the range from 40 to 500 ppb with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 . The nonlinear nature of the curve at higher concentrations is due to saturation effects. Fig.3.Calibration curves of the absorbance of HMS-TMAC-PAR with different concentrations  of vanadium at pH 12.0 at 510 nm. The detection limit of HMS-TMAC- PAR for vanadium was also tested. Fig. 3 represents the absorbance of HMS-TMAC-PAR at 510 nm against vanadium concentrations and a good linearity relationship was gained in the range of 40 to 500 ppb with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The spectrometer detection limit (DL) of vanadium using HMS-TMAC-PAR was estimated from the linear part of the calibration plot, according to the Eq. (1) DL = (1) where k is a factor equal to 3, m is the slope of the calibration graph in the lin-ear range, and Sb is the standard deviation for the blank. Here, The accuracy and precision of the method were tested by five successive measurements using a standard solution of 200ppb of vanadium. The resultant DL value is 0.88ppb. 3.3. Effect of the pH In order to determine the pH effect on the detection capacity of HMS-TMAC- PAR in batch experiments, solutions were prepared at different pH levels ranging from 2, 7 and 10. The pH-dependence studies showed that the complexation of vanadium with HMS-TMAC- PAR is formed in a wide range of pH, from 2 to 10(Fig. 4), which is similar to the results reported by Gang Li et al(13) . Also displays that upon the addition of vanadium, the virtual maximum absorption at pH 10.0, which has been selected as the specific pH for detecting vanadium in aqueous solution using HMS -TMAC- PAR. Hence, the maximum color and spectrum development of [V–HTP]n+ complexes were at a pH value of 10. Fig. 4. Effect of pH on absorbance at 510 nm in UV–vis spectra of HMS-TMAC-PAR (0.5 g L−1 ) with vanadium 200ppb. 3.4. Effect of the reaction time Studies on the reaction time indicated that the kinetic time response of the V–HTP complex formation was studied by constantly monitoring the absorption spectra .as shown in Fig. 5. After addition of 200ppb of vanadium, the absorbance increases rapidly within 90 s and in that case residue constant with time, so shows that the reaction has completed. . Therefore HMSTMAC- PAR had been can suplid rapid colorimetric detection. Fig. 5. Response time of HMS-TMAC-PAR (0.5 g L−1, pH 12.0) with vanadium 200ppb the later addition of vanadium ions, the color change of the sensors as a function of time. The findings revealed that charge transfer among the vanadium and PR probe has been accomplished in a short time (30 s ≠¤ Response time ≠¥180s) caused by the aptitude of the nanostructured sensors with open, great, and identical pore architectures to let the able binding of vanadium ions with graft PR-probe. actually the high metal change, that is ion transport, and the similarity of the metal–ligand binding were significantly affected by the structural morphology and geometry, as obviously evidence from the Response time value(14). 3.5. Effect of sensor amount Studies on the sensor amount (Fig. 6) indicated that In actual fact, porosity, high surface area of the HMS hexagonal materials are beneficial to permit high adsorption capability of the chromophore investigation in quick kinetic systems. The amount adsorbed of the probe have a important roul in making a significant ion-sensing system. but , results show that the nature of the ion-sensing system is also reliant on the amount of solid support-probe used. On the other hand, the PR probe concentration significantly led to better sensitivity of the chemo sensors. The results show that 0.5 gr of sensors was enough to monitor a respectable color separation between the blank and the sample even at low vanadium ion concentration. Fig. 6. Effect of HMS-TMAC-PAR sensor amounts with vanadium (200 ppb) at pH 10.0, 510 nm 3.6. Effect concentration of vanadium In order to evaluate the effect of initial vanadium concentration, The naked-eye detection is achieved at a concentration range of 40–400 ppb using HMS-TMAC-PAR Fig.7. A considerable color change for HMS-TMAC-PAR is observed from yellow to purple with an increase in vanadium concentration Fig. 7. Color reaction of HMS-TMAC-PAR (0.5 g L−1, pH 10.0) with various concentrations of vanadium conclusions A highly sensitive optical sensor for the visual detection of low concentrations of vanadium is designed by the immobilization of PAR on the functionalized HMS. The high sensitivity of the optical sensor could be caused by its high surface area and the uniform pore sizes and pore shapes of the mesoporous silica. Controlled experimental conditions also allowed naked-eye detection of vanadium ion concentration with detection limit as low as 0.88ppb In alkaline solutions .generally, HMS-TMAC-PAR provide strange sensitivity, reusability and fast colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions, particularly vanadium for track of heavy metal pollutants in the environmental samples. The findings revealed that it could be successfully used as a colorimetric optical sensor for the quantitative and qualitative detection of very low concentrations of vanadium in various samples. REFERENCES PyrzyØ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ska K, Wierzbicki T. Determination of vanadium species in environmental samples. Talanta. 2004;64(4):823-9. Adachi A, Sawada S, Shida K, Nakamura E, Okano T. Determination of vanadium in foods by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 1999;5(1):15-21. Full TOC. 6.12 Vanadium. Changes.523:80. Hiraki K, Nakaguchi Y, Morita M, Kitamaki H. Determination of trace vanadium by addition of both sodium selenite and calcium chloride with polarized Zeeman effect graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytical sciences. 1986;2:561-6. Filik H, Berker KI, Balkis N, Apak R. Simultaneous preconcentration of vanadium (V/IV) species with palmitoyl quinolin-8-ol bonded to amberlite XAD 2 and their separate spectrophotometric determination with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol using CDTA as masking agent. Analytica chimica acta. 2004;518(1):173-9. McDonagh C, Burke CS, MacCraith BD. Optical chemical sensors. Chemical reviews. 2008;108(2):400. Morante-Zarcero S, Snchez A, Fajardo M, del Hierro I, Sierra I. Voltammetric analysis of Pb (II) in natural waters using a carbon paste electrode modified with 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazol grafted on hexagonal mesoporous silica. Microchimica Acta.169(1-2):57-64. Melde BJ, Johnson BJ, Charles PT. Mesoporous silicate materials in sensing. Sensors. 2008;8(8):5202-28. P.T. Tanev, M. Chibwe, T.J. Pinnavaia, Titanium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves for catalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds, Nature 368 (1994)321–323. Martn N, Lpez-Gaona A, Viniegra M, Villamil P, CØ £rdoba G. Synthesis and characterization of a mesoporous HMS and its use as support of platinum catalysts. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis.101(2):491-500. Aguado J, Arsuaga JM, Arencibia A, Lindo M, Gascn V. Aqueous heavy metals removal by adsorption on amine-functionalized mesoporous silica. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009;163(1):213-21. Balaji T, Sasidharan M, Matsunaga H. Naked eye detection of cadmium using inorganic-organic hybrid mesoporous material. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2006;384(2):488-94. Liu T, Li G, Zhang N, Chen Y. An inorganic-organic hybrid optical sensor for heavy metal ion detection based on immobilizing 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol on functionalized HMS. Journal of Hazardous Materials.201-â€Å"202(0):155-61. Zhang N, Li G, Cheng Z, Zuo X. Rhodamine B immobilized on hollow Au-HMS material for naked-eye detection of Hg 2+ in aqueous media. Journal of hazardous materials. 2012;229– 230(2012):404-10. [1] -Atomic emission spectroscopy [2] Iinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [3]-Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy [4] N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride

Psychology 300 Final Exam

Final Exam 1 PSY/300 Final Exam: PSY/300 (Weeks 1-5) Multiple Choice1. Erik Erikson argues that an understanding of an individual's behavior requires consideration of: A) Biological events B) Psychological experience C) Cultural and historical context D) all of the above 2.The aim of biopsychology (also referred to as behavioral neuroscience) is to: A) Link soma and somette in order to understand how emotions manifest themselves behaviorally B) Investigate the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as motivation, emotion, and stress C) Understand the complex interactions of the nervous system D) Study how thoughts and feelings influence an individual’s biological reactions 3.The first laboratory in Psychology was founded in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879 by: A) Sigmund Freud B) Wilhelm Wundt C) William James D) Rene Descartes 4. The approach to psychology which involved devising a method for uncovering the basic elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each o ther into ideas was known as A) Structuralism B) Behaviorialism Final Exam 2 PSY/300 C) Functionalism D) Elementarism 5. Which field of psychology argues that one's perception of the pieces will be influenced when seeing them as parts of the whole?A) Evolutionary B) Perceptual C) Empirical D) Gestalt 6. A hypothesis is best characterized as: A) A procedure that precedes a theoretical framework B) Any phenomenon that can change from one situation to another C) A systematic way of organizing and explaining observations D) A tentative belief about the relationship between two or more variables 7. To ensure that I am a good researcher, I gave the same questionnaire to the same participants at three different points in time. I hope to get ssentially the same answers. If I do, then I can conclude that my experiment has: A) Internal validity B) External validity C) Inter-rater reliability D) test-retest reliability 8. When it comes to the ethics of animal research, which one of the followi ng is NOT an issue? A) Some animals are cuter than others B) Whether animals have rights Final Exam 3 PSY/300 C) To what extent humans can use other creatures to solve human problems D) That animals cannot give informed consent 9.Information is sent to the brain via the sensory or _____ neurons. A) Afferent B) Motor C) Transient D) Inter 10. Axons are responsible for A) Receiving information from other cells B) Transmitting information to other neurons C) Increasing the transmission speed of messages D) Determining how that particular neuron will manipulate input 11. There are two types of neurotransmitters. They are: A) Inhibitory and synaptic B) Modulating and excitatory C) Inhibitory and excitatory D) Modulating and synaptic 12.The part of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the sense of touch and feeling one’s own body in space is the: A) Parietal lobe B) Occipital lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Frontal lobe Final Exam 4 PSY/300 13. Which of the following is NOT a basic pri nciple of sensation and perception? A) Sensation and perception require strong enough impulses to surpass minimal thresholds B) Sensation and perception are active processes C) There is no one-to-one correspondence between physical and psychological reality D) Sensation and perception are adaptive 4. What kind of learning can be achieved through classical conditioning? A) Learning that an event occurred B) Learning that people have certain patterns of behavior C) Learning that two events are related D) Learning that a behavior produces a particular result 15. As you drive down the street, a leaf hits your windshield. You know that it is not going to break the windshield and yet you blink anyway. In classical conditioning, blinking to an object that is about to hit you in the face is a/an: A) CS B) CR C) UCS D) UCR 16.You recently noticed that eating sour candy causes extra salivation as your body reacts to the sour taste. You love sour candy and eat it often. The other day you purch ased a new bag of sour candy and as you were looking at the bag, you noticed that you were salivating. The sour candy is a: A) CS B) CR C) UCS Final Exam 5 PSY/300 D) UCR 17. The purpose of Watson's experiment involving little Albert was to determine if: A) Infants are innately capable of learning fear B) Phobias do exist C) Babies are just as susceptible as adults to fears D) Emotional responses can be learned 8. An important distinction between operant and classical conditioning is that: A) Classical conditioning can be used to extinguish an undesirable response while operant conditioning tends to be incapable of doing so B) In classical conditioning responses are elicited while in operant conditioning they are emitted C) Classical conditioning works best with mammals and operant conditioning works best with birds and rodents D) Classical conditioning requires an experimenter and operant conditioning does not 9. The theory of motivation that states that people are motivated by wis hes and fears is A) The cognitive approach B) The psychodynamic approach C) The biological approach D) None of the above 20. ERG theory condenses Maslow's hierarchy of needs into three distinct levels: A) Elementary, reproductive and goal realization B) Elementary, relatedness, and growth C) Existence, relatedness, and growth D) Existence, reproductive, and goal realization Final Exam 6 PSY/300 21.The part of the brain that is responsible for registering the emotional significance of objects is the A) Hypothalamus B) Limbic system C) Cortex D) Amygdala 22. Which one of the following describes a person who is fixated in the latent stage? A) person with problems committing to a relationship B) Person who is uninterested in sex C) A smoker D) Person over 40 who has never moved out of their parents' home 23. Which of the following refers to setting goals, evaluating performance, and adjusting behavior to achieve these goals in the context of ongoing feedback?A) goal-establishment B) out come-management C) potential-realization D) Self-regulation 24. Which of the following factors in the Five Factor Model is believed to be the least heritable? A) Agreeableness B) Neuroticism C) Extraversion D) Openness Final Exam 7 PSY/300 25. The very last developmental crisis adult’s face, according to Erikson at least, is: A) Intimacy versus isolation B) Integrity versus despair C) Generativity versus stagnation D) Acceptance versus despondence 26.Piaget argued all of the following EXCEPT: A) Children’s thought processes are creative but constrained by physical realities and brain development B) Children experience the same stages in the same order C) Children are motivated to make sense of what they experience, integrating what they know D) Cognitive efficiency is influenced by children’s knowledge base 27. According to the psychodynamic viewpoint on moral development, children initially are relatively: A) Evil B) Narcissistic C) good D) Saintly 8. When dete rmining a diagnosis for treating mental disorders, the different axes refer to: A) The symptoms, personality disturbances, medical conditions, and environmental stressors B) The severity of the disorder and the extent to which it will interfere with daily life C) The domain of life which will be most disrupted by the disorder, such as work, school, or relationships D) The types of emotional, physical, or social disruption that can be expected from a particular disorder Final Exam 8 PSY/300 29.Which of the following is an umbrella term for a number of psychotic disorders that involve disturbances in nearly every dimension of human physiology, including thought, perception, behavior, language, communication, and emotion? A) Schizophrenia B) Personality disorder C) Mood disorder D) Dissociative disorder 30. Which personality disorder is marked by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of separation and abandonm ent, manipulativeness, and impulsive behavior?A) Narcissistic B) Antisocial C) Borderline D) Histrionic 31. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that A) Relaxation training can aid people with schizophrenia B) Physical contact with other people is essential for contact comfort C) Through early experiences people learn to fear social interactions D) Through classical conditioning people have associated fear with previously neutral stimuli 32. Antipsychotic medications reduce symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations by _____ activity within the brain. A) Increasing epinephrine B) Inhibiting serotonin C) Inhibiting dopamineFinal Exam 9 PSY/300 D) Increasing glutamate 33. The goal of antidepressant medications such as SSRIs is to: A) Keep serotonin acting longer in the synapses of the brain? B) Keep people from making irrational associations between ideas C) Reduce body weight and make people feel better about them D) Reduce anxiety that leads to depression 34. Character istics that are attributed to people based on their membership in a specific group, and that are often over-generalized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information are called: A) Prejudices B) Biases C) Stereotypes D) Discrimination 5. Cognitive bias in social cognition is thought to be the result of: A) Heuristics that can lead people awry B) Schemas and attributions being influenced by wishes, needs, and desires C) People frequently lacking the time to make accurate attributions D) all of the above 36. The relationship between personality and self-schemas can be seen in a number of ways. Which one of the following is NOT true of that relationship?A) People who feel disappointment, dissatisfaction, shame, and embarrassment have a discrepancy between actual and ideal selves B) People who feel anxiety, fear, resentment, guilt, self-contempt, or uneasiness have a discrepancy between actual and ought selves C) People who experience feelings of failure, social rejection, isolation, an d a lack of Final Exam 10 PSY/300 accomplishment have a discrepancy between ideal and ought selves D) All of the above are true of the relationship between personality and self-schemas 37.Companionate love involves: A) Wild emotions, intense physiological arousal, and absorption in another person B) Deep affection, friendship, and emotional intimacy C) Acquaintance cordiality, friendship, and societal responsibility D) Selflessness, altruism, and reciprocal giving 38. Behaving in a way that helps another person with no apparent gain, or with potential cost, to oneself is known as: A) Selfless gratification B) Ego protection C) Ethical hedonism D) Altruism 39. Which of the following is a drawback of antianxiety medications?A) They can cause physiological dependence. B) There is a high relapse rate when the drugs are discontinued. C) They can cause psychological dependence. D) All of the above. 40. The three broad classes of psychopathology distinguished by psychodynamic theorists are : A) anxiety disorders, personality disorders, somatoform disorders B) organic disorders, developmental disorders, experiential disorders C) cognitive dysfunctions, behavioral abnormalities, interpersonal maladies D) personality disorders, neuroses, psychoses Final Exam 11 PSY/300

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